Below are a few links to help you further understand geocoding: what it is, how to use, create and share address locators:

ArcMap:

• What is geocoding? - explains what geocoding is and what can it can be used for.
• The geocoding workflow - explains the workflow for successful geocoding, including creating address locators.
• Sharing an address locator as a geocode service - explains how to publish an address locator as a geocode service, which allows internet or intranet users to use the geocode service in web applications, ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Online, and other client applications.
• Sharing an address locator as a locator package - explains how to create a locator package, which allows sharing of locators between colleagues in a work group, across departments in an organization, or with any other ArcGIS users via ArcGIS Online. Locator packages can also be used to create an archive of the locators.
• Finding an address using the Geocoding toolbar - explains how to use locators/geocode services in the Geocoding toolbar.
• Finding an address in the Find dialog box - explains how to use locators/geocode services in the Find dialog box.

ArcGIS Pro:

• What is geocoding? - explains what geocoding is and what can it can be used for.
• Sharing an address locator as a locator package - explains how to create a locator package, which allows sharing of locators between colleagues in a work group, across departments in an organization, or with any other ArcGIS users via ArcGIS Online. Locator packages can also be used to create an archive of the locators.
• Add locators to a project - explains how to add locators to an ArcGIS Pro project.
• Geocoding functions available in ArcGIS Pro - explains how to use locators in ArcGIS Pro.